Army confronts a formidable Russian reconnaissance-strike complex that operates across domains by identifying targets in the electromagnetic spectrum and then attacking them with massed fires. Russian and Chinese operations in the electromagnetic spectrum are already presenting threats for units operating forward in contested spaces.

More broadly, it will be possible to use friendly activities in the electromagnetic spectrum to revive the long neglected field of deception operations.

Necessity will dictate these small units disperse and hide to survive, but this will also create opportunities for the imaginative use of tactical decoys that mimic formations of Soldiers and Marines. The 2018 National Defense Strategy envisions forward and quick-reaction forces in “contact” and “blunt” layers that will likely initially fight outnumbered. Coupled with those militaries’ precision, standoff weaponry and anti-access/area-denial capabilities, this development dramatically increases the risk to U.S. The militaries of both Russia and China have become increasingly adept in finding enemy units by searching for signatures in the electromagnetic spectrum. MILITARY HAS EMPLOYED DECEPTION, PARTICULARLY DECOYS, HAS VARIED OVER TIME BUT IS CURRENTLY AT A LOW

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